Providing Fresh Water to Arid Regions in the World Essay

An investigation on the feasibility of different techniques for providing refreshful pee to arid regions in the world.Located in a semi-arid z champion, s tabuheastern Africa is one of the thirty driest countries in the world with limited piddle supply resources, which ar unevenly distributed. In this country, quint zillion people of the population harbor no access to safe drinking pee and nearly xv million lack basic sanitation. The lack of drinking irrigate is a serious paradox, since there argon more than 1.6 million children chthonian five years whom die every year worldwide.(the water project 2012). This line will assess the feasibility of different techniques for providing drinkable water to siemens Africa. It will also present different options suitable for arid regions, aspect to improve their water resources comparing them, and then concluding by pointing out which is the most feasible and efficient technique.BACKGROUNDFrom apartheid to epidemics much(preno minal) as aid or tuberculosis, second Africa has experienced some(prenominal) disasters. Now it has to face a advanced crisis an abundance of drinkable water. In fact there is several reasons to explain this water crisis. Firstly, the climate change has affected the water bring out as rain has blend increasingly scarce. For instance in Durban the dams are 20 per cent lower than at the start of 2010. (the water projet) More all over, the problem of pollution rages in fact, digging plants in South Africa throw solely their toxic and radioactive waste in African rivers. They dump passing toxic substances such as mercury, arsenic and uranium in the river, as it is toxic and reacts violently with water, once in it the water will be contaminated. The water will therefore subscribe to a highly bitter pH of 2.2 (pH level close to that of a lemon). For instance, Wonderfontein Spruit River, one of the largest rivers in South Africa is extremely polluted due to the 50 tons of uranium mining plants shake up dumped into the river. Likewise, Lake Robinson, a fishing lake, has today a uranium dumbness of 16mg/L due to toxic waste (the guardian). consequently more than 1.6 million people die each year.(waterwise2012) assorted SOLUTIONS1. Setting up tidal king plants to purify water which could be installed in the Atlantic Ocean, fixed next to South Africa these tidal power plants derive their energy from the pound of the tide. With this process, when the water is raised energy is obtaind, the water could then be sifted done a filtering system (reverse osmosis). Through this, these plants will non only produce energy from a renewable energy source, but also filter the polluted water. (inventors.about.2012) 2. Excavation of a acreswater is a nonher ancestor to provide a fresh water supply. This resource, which makes up 15 per cent of the drinkable water in South Africa, represents an important source of water. It can provide water to more than 400 cities (wa ter.dwa.gov). In over 90% of the country, it occurs in voteless rocks, which have no pore spaces, and it is powered by the infiltration of rainfall (Anthonyturton). This is acquired by drilling a bore, which is then fitted with a pipe into the aquifer, pumping the water to the surface (gwd, 2012). In addition, it is high select water, as a floor of clay that acts as a filter protects it.3. Measuring and supervise water qualityis also a great way to make original the water in the country are usable. It helps limit and suppress the squeeze out of toxic and radioactive waste into the rivers of Africa. The political science must put in place measures prohibiting any discharge that may contaminate the water. To achieve this, the government activity must find an alternative solution for the toxic waste dumped into the rivers such as collection center set up in disposition to collect the waste and possibly even recycle the waste. If this is done, then many an(prenominal) of the r ivers and lakes in South Africa will be clean again and could become a clean water resource once again.COMPARISON AND VIABILITY OF THE DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS1. Setting up power plants is another solution that could be used. The tidal power plants provide an almost inexhaustible amount of water, thus capable not only for the entire population but also for its rustic and industrial sectors. Moreover, since these plants use renewable energy and non-polluting, it reduces the concentration of pollution added to the water. However, the writ of execution of these tidal power plants is expensive and therefore need investment from the government and organizations, which might not be able to provide (Elmelech 2006). However, the invention of new nanotechnology can reduce expenditures and promote the installment. (Polyzou 2010) 2. Excavation of groundwater The groundwater does not pollute as easily as other water sources.Indeed, according to Carr and Neary it may confine years to be able to p ollute the reserves groundwater. However, the ground has disadvantages as the amount of water, which is not renewable. In fact, the majority of groundwater has been charged over the previous periods, in different climates. As fossil fuels were created under conditions that have not existed for a long time, this freshwater fossil is considered non-renewable. Thus, once aquifers have declined they will cease to be a resource because they will not charge in the future. (groundwater.org) 3. Monitoring or measuring water quality developenacted anti-pollution measures is a solution that doesnt require great expenditures. Indeed, water already exists and is eager not to be polluted, to be drunk. But in a developing country, like South Africa, the corruption, which is everywhere, prevents the compliance with these measures.CONLUSIONTo conclude, the water crisis, which rages in South Africa, is due to kind activities. To cope, the country has several alternatives such as set up power plants , excavation of a groundwater or monitoring or measuring water quality. All these options, which have the same induce to provide fresh water, present advantages but also inconveniences. In one hand, the reserve of groundwater may be out of stock due to the growth of population and the insufficiency of water. However, on other hand, the installment of tidal power plants can be a surprisingly costly project. The best solution seems to implement protocol against pollution of fresh water, as its effective, practical, and not an expensive way.REFERENCES1. The Water Project.(2012).Water In Crisis Spotlight South Africa.online procurable at http//thewaterproject.org/water-in-crisis-south-africa.php Accessed 24 November 2012.2. Waterwise.(2012).Water Wise Causes of Water Pollution. online for sale at Accessed 20 November 2012.3. gwd. (2012). earthly concern water division of GSSA. Online Available at http//www.environment.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/153332/UMCCC_Groundw ater_Factsheet.pdf . Accessed 23 November 2012.4. Bellis.M. How Tidal powerfulness Plants Work. online Available at Accessed 11 November 2012.5. Woodford.A and Rosewarne.P. (2012). HOW MUCH GROUNDWATER DOES SOUTH AFRICA HAVE?. Online Available at http//www.anthonyturton.com/admin/my_ documents/my_files/SRK_Woodfood_How_much_Groundwater_does_SA_have.pdf Accessed 16 November 2012.6. Polyzou.E. Willigness to pay for drinking water quality advance and the the influence of social capitall. Online Available at http//www.liv.ac.uk/libraby/e-books.htlm Accessed 12 November 2012.7. Elimelech.M.(2005). The global scrap for adequate and safe water. Online Available at Accessed 10 November 2012.8. Carr,G. and Neary.J (2008).water quality for ecosystem and human health. Online Available at http//www.unep.org/gemswater/Portals/24154/publications/pdfs/water_quality_human_health.pdf Accessed 18 November 2012.9. Groundwater.org.what is the groundwater?. Online Available at http//www.gro undwater.org/kc/whatis.html Accessed 17 November 2012.10. Dwa.gov. Background of the NORAD Assisted Programme on the Sustainable Development of Groundwater Sources under the Community Water and Sanitation Programme in South Africa. Online Available at http//www.dwa.gov.za/Groundwater/norad.aspx Accessed 17 November 2012.